When you have diabetes it is vital that you maintain normal blood sugar levels at all times. Ignoring high blood glucose levels is very dangerous and can be fatal. Your blood sugar levels can easily be maintained through diet and exercise.
Blood sugar is the body's fuel that feeds our brain, tissues and nervous system. When you are healthy, your body makes glucose not only from the carbohydrates we consume but also from proteins and fats. It is essential that we maintain normal levels so that our bodies can perform to their peak.
Understanding how glucose works will allow you to maintain normal levels. Glucose absorbs directly into your bloodstream from your intestines, which results in an increase in your blood sugar level. A natural hormone called insulin is released from the pancreas, which helps the prevention of blood sugar levels rising too high as well as helping to move the glucose into your cells. This is how we get the energy requirements our body needs to function effectively.
A normal blood sugar level reading should be between 4mmol/L and 7mmol/L. If your readings are constantly out of this range you are at a very high risk of developing heart disease and any of the other complications that are associated with diabetes.
Following are a few guidelines to help you maintain your blood sugar levels:
Eat your meals at regular intervals and at the same time each day
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables each day
Drink plenty of water each day
Do at least 30 minutes of exercise each day, consult with your doctor as to which exercises are best suited to your individual requirements, some exercises can actually harm you, so please be aware of this
Reduce the amount of your salt intake
Reduce the amount of your alcohol intake
Avoid processed foods at all times
Avoid foods that are high in saturated fats
Try to eat fish at least twice a week
Choose lean meats, and
Choose the low fat variety of dairy products
It is important to understand that carbohydrate foods are your body's main source of energy, this is why it is so important and beneficial for you to eat meals on a regular basis and at the same times each day so that you can easily maintain your energy levels and your blood sugar levels.
If you do not maintain normal blood sugar levels you at risk of the long term complications that include kidney disease, cardiovascular disease (heart attacks, high blood pressure and heart failure), strokes, eye disease and nerve problems.
It is vital for you as a diabetic to maintain normal blood sugar levels so that you can achieve great health and feel fantastic each and every day.
2010/11/16
Type 2 Diabetes The Hemoglobin A1c Value Is Really Your Friend
As you know, Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed based on your blood sugar level, and tracking your blood sugar is an important way to track the effects of diet and medication dosages.
There is a chemical in your body known as glycated hemoglobin. It is also known as HbA1c... and while that may sound like one more version of the flu we should all be scared of, it is just a type of hemoglobin that forms in your blood when it is exposed to the sugar in your blood. Of course, the more sugar that is in your blood, the more glycated hemoglobin is going to be there. So this is a fairly predictable way of determining whether you have diabetes. And once you have it, this can also be a good way to identify if your blood sugar is generally under control.
The Important HbA1c Level: The HbA1c value is the main way to track your progress in controlling Type 2 diabetes. The great thing about going by your HbA1c is that it is not some quick, short term thing you can check. It isn't just going to register something "in the moment" because you have just eaten a meal, because you just woke up, or for any other short-term reason.
Simply put, it takes a lot of time for hemoglobin to undergo the glycation process in the presence of glucose. In fact, it actually takes around 120 days for this to happen. So the process (and by extension, the results), are the kind of thing that is going to be informative as to the general state of your blood sugar levels, not just what's going on right now. Considering how many tests seem to be obsessed with what is going on this instant, the fact that your glycated hemoglobin takes months to reveal what's going on can be a great way to take an informed, unhurried stance in decision making.
High Blood Sugar Levels: After all, if you have too much sugar in your blood, you've got problems. You know what kinds of things can happen when diabetes rages uncontrolled through your body. While diabetes has never been known to shout, "Diabetes SMASH", it can wreak havoc on several of the more sensitive organs in your body. The ultimate problem with Type 2 diabetes is not what is going to happen immediately. After all, it won't slam you like getting into a car accident would, and it won't suffocate you like drowning would. Type 2 diabetes works slowly and insidiously, like termites chewing their way around in your blood stream.
Techniques: There are two bad things about the HbA1c value though. For one thing:
it is not guaranteed that having a higher than average amount of glycated hemoglobin means that you are diabetic
another reason why the HbA1c is not necessarily great is because there is a significant margin for error involved
Different analytical techniques can actually yield substantially different results. The American Diabetes Association recommends diabetics get their HbA1c values below 7 percent. Research shows though, that lower values cut the risk of complications, so many experts now call for targets of 6.5 or even 6 percent.
There is a chemical in your body known as glycated hemoglobin. It is also known as HbA1c... and while that may sound like one more version of the flu we should all be scared of, it is just a type of hemoglobin that forms in your blood when it is exposed to the sugar in your blood. Of course, the more sugar that is in your blood, the more glycated hemoglobin is going to be there. So this is a fairly predictable way of determining whether you have diabetes. And once you have it, this can also be a good way to identify if your blood sugar is generally under control.
The Important HbA1c Level: The HbA1c value is the main way to track your progress in controlling Type 2 diabetes. The great thing about going by your HbA1c is that it is not some quick, short term thing you can check. It isn't just going to register something "in the moment" because you have just eaten a meal, because you just woke up, or for any other short-term reason.
Simply put, it takes a lot of time for hemoglobin to undergo the glycation process in the presence of glucose. In fact, it actually takes around 120 days for this to happen. So the process (and by extension, the results), are the kind of thing that is going to be informative as to the general state of your blood sugar levels, not just what's going on right now. Considering how many tests seem to be obsessed with what is going on this instant, the fact that your glycated hemoglobin takes months to reveal what's going on can be a great way to take an informed, unhurried stance in decision making.
High Blood Sugar Levels: After all, if you have too much sugar in your blood, you've got problems. You know what kinds of things can happen when diabetes rages uncontrolled through your body. While diabetes has never been known to shout, "Diabetes SMASH", it can wreak havoc on several of the more sensitive organs in your body. The ultimate problem with Type 2 diabetes is not what is going to happen immediately. After all, it won't slam you like getting into a car accident would, and it won't suffocate you like drowning would. Type 2 diabetes works slowly and insidiously, like termites chewing their way around in your blood stream.
Techniques: There are two bad things about the HbA1c value though. For one thing:
it is not guaranteed that having a higher than average amount of glycated hemoglobin means that you are diabetic
another reason why the HbA1c is not necessarily great is because there is a significant margin for error involved
Different analytical techniques can actually yield substantially different results. The American Diabetes Association recommends diabetics get their HbA1c values below 7 percent. Research shows though, that lower values cut the risk of complications, so many experts now call for targets of 6.5 or even 6 percent.
2009/04/26
Who is easy to get diabetes
1, you win some and diabetes family
Studies have indicated that the families of people suffering from diabetes mellitus than the general public for more than 5 times higher.
2, in the older, the elderly
After the 40-year-old, 100 people about 10 people will suffer from diabetes, post-middle age should therefore pay special attention to.
3, the size of fat people
Onset diabetes cases in about 60% of obese people.
Studies have indicated that the families of people suffering from diabetes mellitus than the general public for more than 5 times higher.
2, in the older, the elderly
After the 40-year-old, 100 people about 10 people will suffer from diabetes, post-middle age should therefore pay special attention to.
3, the size of fat people
Onset diabetes cases in about 60% of obese people.
What kind of disease is diabetes mellitus
Diabetes is the body glucose, protein and fat of a chronic metabolic disorder is the most common endocrine disease in one of the diseases characterized by high blood sugar and urine sugar. High blood sugar from time to time a little more than three symptoms, namely, more than drinking, polyuria, and more eating and weight loss, and there is fatigue, weakness . Ketoacidosis can occur when a serious, non-ketoacidosis coma, and may be accompanied by a variety of infections. Course of the elderly can occur atherosclerosis, nerve, kidney and complications such as retinopathy.
Diabetes regardless of age
Diabetes has, regardless of age, old, middle, green, small, young of all ages are not uncommon, and most patients seek medical treatment when it is, the late loss of the best period of treatment. Nanjing First Hospital in the intensive treatment of diabetes center, the reporter saw 18-year-old secondary school students who are having diabetes above the food, a few days ago, children birthday drink two bottles of cola, the night vomiting, hematemesis, low-grade fever and other symptoms, the family found out their children to the hospital suffering from type 1 diabetes, the system by a few days treatment, the disease is improved. Intensive treatment of diabetes, according to Ma Jianhua, director of the Center, the recent years, the incidence of diabetes increased by 1 ~ 2 times the incidence of Jiangsu Province from the 20th century at he end of the 80's about 1 percent, rose to 2.5% now to 4% .
2009/04/25
Complications of diabetes can not be ignored
Diabetes is due to the role of insulin secretion or insulin caused by absolute or relative shortage of high blood sugar as the main features of the metabolic syndrome. Currently, it has become a serious impact on people's physical and mental health, second only to cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the third category of disease. Diabetes are often accompanied by atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney disease, eye disease, complications such as neuropathy. These complications to human health posed a great danger, seriously affecting people's quality of life, therefore, the treatment of diabetes, complications of diabetes can not be ignored.
Diabetes can lead to many complications, the most common complications of the digestive system is diarrhea. Is generally believed that diabetic diarrhea is a relatively rare, but according to statistics, the incidence rate of 16.7%. Most of intermittent diarrhea, and a small number of continuous, multi-occur in the daytime, only a small number of patients with diarrhea during the night. Diabetic diarrhea is a kind of intractable diarrhea, severe cases, stool samples were emitted in one day as many as 10 to 20 times, often without abdominal pain, bowel inflammation nor conventional performance tests. Often intermittent diarrhea, alternating with constipation, and its pathogenesis may be related to metabolism and vascular lesions caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy related. Patients should pay more attention to diet should be used less oil, less residue, high protein, high vitamin semi-liquid or soft food,, avoid alcohol, eat spicy food, such as a hard fruit.
If poorly controlled diabetes, patients most likely to occur in the eye of the complications is diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cataract. Diabetes-induced cataract in diabetic patients because of the aqueous humor was significantly higher sugar content and the proliferation of penetration into the crystal, so that crystal was hypertonic state, absorbing moisture, fiber swelling, loss of transparency, the formation of diabetic cataract. Diabetic cataract clinically divided into two types of diabetic patients with senile cortical cataracts, but the incidence of diabetic cataract in advance to make it, and the other is true diabetic cataract, diabetic patients were seen primarily in adolescents, the incidence of 10% about. According to statistical analysis, in China there are about more than 4000 million people with diabetes, about 30% of patients with diabetic retinopathy, of which 1.2% each year may develop into blind patients. In such conditions, many years ago, on the Yangtze River and the State Pharmaceutical Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Tianjin to develop drugs specifically for the prevention and treatment of complications of diabetes drugs, "Lin Tang" (epalrestat film), this drug is the first of aldose reductase inhibitors, filled a diabetic neuropathy and microvascular disease treatment gaps in the field, became the first new drug for the treatment of diabetic complications.
The prevention of diabetic diarrhea, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the key to the positive treatment of diabetes, controlling blood sugar. Therefore patients should actively cooperate with the doctors, diet, paying particular attention to low-sugar diet, adequate exercise, regular monitoring of blood glucose, in the doctors under the guidance of the rational use of drugs.
Diabetes can lead to many complications, the most common complications of the digestive system is diarrhea. Is generally believed that diabetic diarrhea is a relatively rare, but according to statistics, the incidence rate of 16.7%. Most of intermittent diarrhea, and a small number of continuous, multi-occur in the daytime, only a small number of patients with diarrhea during the night. Diabetic diarrhea is a kind of intractable diarrhea, severe cases, stool samples were emitted in one day as many as 10 to 20 times, often without abdominal pain, bowel inflammation nor conventional performance tests. Often intermittent diarrhea, alternating with constipation, and its pathogenesis may be related to metabolism and vascular lesions caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy related. Patients should pay more attention to diet should be used less oil, less residue, high protein, high vitamin semi-liquid or soft food,, avoid alcohol, eat spicy food, such as a hard fruit.
If poorly controlled diabetes, patients most likely to occur in the eye of the complications is diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cataract. Diabetes-induced cataract in diabetic patients because of the aqueous humor was significantly higher sugar content and the proliferation of penetration into the crystal, so that crystal was hypertonic state, absorbing moisture, fiber swelling, loss of transparency, the formation of diabetic cataract. Diabetic cataract clinically divided into two types of diabetic patients with senile cortical cataracts, but the incidence of diabetic cataract in advance to make it, and the other is true diabetic cataract, diabetic patients were seen primarily in adolescents, the incidence of 10% about. According to statistical analysis, in China there are about more than 4000 million people with diabetes, about 30% of patients with diabetic retinopathy, of which 1.2% each year may develop into blind patients. In such conditions, many years ago, on the Yangtze River and the State Pharmaceutical Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Tianjin to develop drugs specifically for the prevention and treatment of complications of diabetes drugs, "Lin Tang" (epalrestat film), this drug is the first of aldose reductase inhibitors, filled a diabetic neuropathy and microvascular disease treatment gaps in the field, became the first new drug for the treatment of diabetic complications.
The prevention of diabetic diarrhea, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the key to the positive treatment of diabetes, controlling blood sugar. Therefore patients should actively cooperate with the doctors, diet, paying particular attention to low-sugar diet, adequate exercise, regular monitoring of blood glucose, in the doctors under the guidance of the rational use of drugs.
High blood sugar what the human body against
High blood sugar status of the major hazards to human performance in the following areas:
(1) has a diuretic effect. A state of high blood sugar, kidney shape of the original sugar content of urine increased, the patient kidney tubular solute concentration of glucose increased the formation of hyperosmolar diuresis, renal tubular absorption of water to reduce the volume of patients increased, the body can cause severe dehydration and even coma.
(2) loss of body electrolytes. With the large number of urine from the body also from the electrolyte.
(3) so that β-cell function are affected. Insulin by the pancreatic β-cell secretion. A state of high blood sugar, blood glucose concentrations increased as a result of stimulating the pancreatic β-cell secretion of insulin, but a long period of stimulation, pancreatic β-cell long-term exposure to high glucose environment, can have a β-cell depletion and loss of sensitive state, and even allows pancreatic β - cell failure.
(1) has a diuretic effect. A state of high blood sugar, kidney shape of the original sugar content of urine increased, the patient kidney tubular solute concentration of glucose increased the formation of hyperosmolar diuresis, renal tubular absorption of water to reduce the volume of patients increased, the body can cause severe dehydration and even coma.
(2) loss of body electrolytes. With the large number of urine from the body also from the electrolyte.
(3) so that β-cell function are affected. Insulin by the pancreatic β-cell secretion. A state of high blood sugar, blood glucose concentrations increased as a result of stimulating the pancreatic β-cell secretion of insulin, but a long period of stimulation, pancreatic β-cell long-term exposure to high glucose environment, can have a β-cell depletion and loss of sensitive state, and even allows pancreatic β - cell failure.
What is Diabetic Nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy refers to diabetic glomerulosclerosis, a glomerular vascular damage-based diseases. More than early asymptomatic, may be normal or high blood pressure. Measured by radioimmunoassay urinary albumin excretion> 200 micrograms / min, this period is called occult renal disease, or kidney disease early. If the positive control of hypertension and high blood sugar, is expected to improve lesion. If poorly controlled, with the progress of disease could be developed for clinical diabetic nephropathy, when the clinical manifestations can be the following:
1, proteinuria
Started as a result of increased glomerular filtration pressure and filtration membrane charge changes, urine microalbuminuria only there for the selective proteinuria, there is no increased globulin, sustainable for many years in this state. Glomerular basement membrane as the filter holes increased macromolecular substances can occur through non-selective and clinical proteinuria, with the further development of lesions, urinary protein gradually become severe persistent proteinuria, if more than 3 grams of urinary protein / day, the signs of poor prognosis. Proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy the severity of the mostly sexual development until emergence of nephrotic syndrome.
2, edema
Patients with early diabetic nephropathy in general there is no swelling, a small number of patients with lower plasma protein in the former, may have mild swelling, when the 24-hour urinary protein more than 3 grams, the swelling will appear. Obvious systemic edema, found only in the rapid development of diabetic nephropathy are.
3, high blood pressure
High blood pressure in patients with diabetic nephropathy in common. More serious kidney disease with hypertension, and high blood pressure can accelerate the progress of diabetic nephropathy and deterioration. Therefore, effective control of hypertension is very important.
4, renal insufficiency
Once diabetic nephropathy, the process is carried out in nature, azotemia, uremia is the ultimate outcome.
5, Anemia
Marked azotemia of diabetes patients may have mild to moderate anemia, with iron therapy. Anemia due to erythropoietin barriers may limit the protein diet and long-term, azotemia related.
6, other symptoms
Retinopathy nephropathy is not performance, but often at the same time the existence of diabetic nephropathy. Some people even think that, no diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy could not exist.
1, proteinuria
Started as a result of increased glomerular filtration pressure and filtration membrane charge changes, urine microalbuminuria only there for the selective proteinuria, there is no increased globulin, sustainable for many years in this state. Glomerular basement membrane as the filter holes increased macromolecular substances can occur through non-selective and clinical proteinuria, with the further development of lesions, urinary protein gradually become severe persistent proteinuria, if more than 3 grams of urinary protein / day, the signs of poor prognosis. Proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy the severity of the mostly sexual development until emergence of nephrotic syndrome.
2, edema
Patients with early diabetic nephropathy in general there is no swelling, a small number of patients with lower plasma protein in the former, may have mild swelling, when the 24-hour urinary protein more than 3 grams, the swelling will appear. Obvious systemic edema, found only in the rapid development of diabetic nephropathy are.
3, high blood pressure
High blood pressure in patients with diabetic nephropathy in common. More serious kidney disease with hypertension, and high blood pressure can accelerate the progress of diabetic nephropathy and deterioration. Therefore, effective control of hypertension is very important.
4, renal insufficiency
Once diabetic nephropathy, the process is carried out in nature, azotemia, uremia is the ultimate outcome.
5, Anemia
Marked azotemia of diabetes patients may have mild to moderate anemia, with iron therapy. Anemia due to erythropoietin barriers may limit the protein diet and long-term, azotemia related.
6, other symptoms
Retinopathy nephropathy is not performance, but often at the same time the existence of diabetic nephropathy. Some people even think that, no diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy could not exist.
How to avoid the occurrence of type 2 diabetes
The occurrence of type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes are similar, and this is the body's ability to clear glucose, but type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes mellitus and different places, that is, patients with type 1 diabetes produce insulin, the body's ability to complete loss of , and patients with type 2 diabetes can be a number of insulin secretion, but these would not be sufficient in quantity of insulin to enable glucose to maintain normal physiological range of insulin or can not fully play its role in lowering blood glucose, the so-called insulin resistance. At present, experts believe that the prevention of type 2 diabetes occurred in sports, as well as the best way to lose weight.
If you are 'apple-type' body weight on the most effective. The full amount of research shows that people who maintain weight, the occurrence of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus minimum. Occur in patients with type 2 diabetes in 50-75% for obesity, obesity occurs so that the risk of type 2 diabetes increased by 10 times. Although researchers are not very clear why the occurrence of weight gain can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but, after weight loss in type 2 diabetes prevention and control is self-evident. However, not only because of the occurrence of diabetes caused by weight gain, if your weight has not increased significantly, but too much abdominal fat accumulation, so that you become the 'apple-type' body, then you happened the risk of type 2 diabetes is also than those who were 'pear-shaped' body of people. Therefore, the site of fat accumulation is also a risk factor for diabetes, weight reduction is equally important to you.
Movement. The researchers found that in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients between 30-50% of patients because of too small a result of sports, sports can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. And sport can also help you lose weight. In addition, a small amount of exercise a person risk of type 2 diabetes than those who exercise great 25% -40%. So, what kind of campaign more effective? The answer is no sport will be effective, such as walking, dancing, trim gardens, bowling and so has the effect of diabetes prevention, but as long as you adhere to the law of sport.
Diet. The study found that the following food to prevent type 2 diabetes have a role:
Cr. The study found that taking 200 mg of chromium a day can significantly reduce blood glucose levels. Chromium has delaying the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, but, chromium does not make patients with type 2 diabetes lower blood sugar levels to normal completely, and the role of chromium will be extended over time and gradually weakened.
Antioxidant food. The study found that antioxidant food, such as vitamin E, C more food can be slow the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and development. Fruits, vegetables can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and this type of food and also to reduce the effect of the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.
If you are 'apple-type' body weight on the most effective. The full amount of research shows that people who maintain weight, the occurrence of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus minimum. Occur in patients with type 2 diabetes in 50-75% for obesity, obesity occurs so that the risk of type 2 diabetes increased by 10 times. Although researchers are not very clear why the occurrence of weight gain can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but, after weight loss in type 2 diabetes prevention and control is self-evident. However, not only because of the occurrence of diabetes caused by weight gain, if your weight has not increased significantly, but too much abdominal fat accumulation, so that you become the 'apple-type' body, then you happened the risk of type 2 diabetes is also than those who were 'pear-shaped' body of people. Therefore, the site of fat accumulation is also a risk factor for diabetes, weight reduction is equally important to you.
Movement. The researchers found that in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients between 30-50% of patients because of too small a result of sports, sports can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. And sport can also help you lose weight. In addition, a small amount of exercise a person risk of type 2 diabetes than those who exercise great 25% -40%. So, what kind of campaign more effective? The answer is no sport will be effective, such as walking, dancing, trim gardens, bowling and so has the effect of diabetes prevention, but as long as you adhere to the law of sport.
Diet. The study found that the following food to prevent type 2 diabetes have a role:
Cr. The study found that taking 200 mg of chromium a day can significantly reduce blood glucose levels. Chromium has delaying the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, but, chromium does not make patients with type 2 diabetes lower blood sugar levels to normal completely, and the role of chromium will be extended over time and gradually weakened.
Antioxidant food. The study found that antioxidant food, such as vitamin E, C more food can be slow the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and development. Fruits, vegetables can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and this type of food and also to reduce the effect of the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.
2009/04/24
Acute complications of diabetes
【Hypoglycemia 】
Hypoglycemia, also known as insulin shock, insulin reaction, hypoglycemia shock, low blood sugar reactions. The majority occurred in the course of insulin therapy, diet and exercise as a result of the co-ordination caused by improper. Oral hypoglycemic drugs in the sulfonylurea agents, due to the promotion of insulin secretion or enhance the function of insulin, it is likely to lead to "hypoglycemia." A small number of obese patients in the early stages of the disease, due to inappropriate insulin secretion time may also have a so-called "reactive hypoglycemia" symptoms have often in the 3 ~ 5 hours after a meal between the occurrence of symptoms is usually in half an hour automatically dissipated. Drug-facilitated than hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia symptoms are usually lighter, and for patients there is no direct threat to life; Instead of drug-induced hypoglycemic hypoglycemia, it is related to patient safety, it is worth noting.
Micro hypoglycemia as:
The speed of onset of symptoms and insulin are related to the performance of agents. The role of medium-range or sulfonylurea insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents triggered by hypoglycemia, early symptoms may be less than the role of short-insulin so fierce, but not in time to be properly handled, could lead to the unconscious, or even death. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are divided into two phases. Early symptoms, due to the rapid drop in blood sugar and stimulate the adrenal secretion of a large number of adrenal glands, which produce sympathetic as hyperthyroidism, including cold sweat, shivering, goose bumps, rapid heartbeat, hunger, weakness, headache and so on. These symptoms can be warning signs to remind patients at risk must be real-time processing, or blood sugar will continue to decline (less than 50mg/100mg). Nutrition as a result of the brain depend on sugar to the blood supply, inadequate nutrition in the brain, the patient will happen dizziness, headache, anxiety, intoxication, and even the phenomenon of coma.
The treatment of hypoglycemia:
The purpose of the treatment of the patient's blood sugar to rise immediately to relieve the above symptoms. Mild hypoglycemia in response to the patient immediately to eat foods containing sugar, like sugar, candy, chocolate and so on. These are easily absorbed carbohydrate foods, common food immediately after the minutes to make blood glucose rise in response to the treatment of low blood sugar, at least to the patient to eat 20g ~ 25g of carbohydrate food. If there is no improvement within 15 minutes, you can eat once again the above-mentioned method, if still does not work, should be immediately taken to hospital treatment. The role of short-insulin injection, as the duration of only 6 to 8 hours, so repeat attacks of low blood glucose response may be less of an opportunity. And the role of medium-range to lower insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, will need to pay special attention to addition to the above-mentioned rapid absorption of carbohydrates food, needs to be coupled with a slower absorption of food such as milk, bread, biscuits and so on. If the patient has been unconscious, do not swallow any food to force the patient to avoid endotracheal wrong food, and the occurrence of cases of suffocation, first aid should be immediately taken to hospital. Usually high concentration of glucose injection liquid (10/100, 20/100, 50/100) of the intravenous injection, will enable the patients to wake up. After the cause should be reviewed, in order to improve and the doctors and the usual treatment dose of the drug consultations. If you can not on the first day or two made contact with the doctor the next day hypoglycemic drugs, in the case of insulin should be reduced by 1 / 4 of the dose, in the case of oral sulfonylurea decreased by 1 / 2 dose.
【Blurred vision 】
Control has been poor or no treatment of diabetes, if the appropriate amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin therapy, so that high blood sugar quickly and then improved when a short period of time, some patients have symptoms of blurred vision. Diabetics more prone to retinal hemorrhage, and the result of blurred vision. But, in fact, with rapid improvement in diabetes control and the occurrence of visual impairment is often general, and in a few days or weeks will be fully restored, it is indistinguishable from the retinal damage produced by a permanent obstacle to a completely different . This complication occurred because the patients had poorly controlled, as the body with the urine excretion of water to the in vitro, so the body including the eye, including insufficient water, and water is slowly generated inadequate, patients feel no particular . Once the control improved, the body including the eye, including the availability of water sufficient to add, so have a fast expansion of the eye, the patient could not adapt to, or arising from the phenomenon of blurred vision.
【Diabetic coma patients 】
The so-called diabetic coma disease, diabetes usually refers to the deviation of metabolism, and trigger a special type of consciousness, including diabetes acid toxicosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma pressure non-ketones and lactic acid toxicosis disorders. Frequency to the highest acid toxicosis.
Acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of acid toxicosis is the body concentration of the lack of adequate insulin, would not be able to make full use of sugars as a source of energy, so blood sugar giant convergence will increase from a large number of sugar by the urine, on adipose tissue begins to decompose, and generate a large number of free fatty acids transported to the liver. In the liver as a result of ketone body (including two kinds of organic acids and acetone neutral) manufacture Hypersplenism function, so a large number of acid produced, thus causing acid-base balance in vivo. Increase in urine sugar giant convergence will be joint and several water and electrolyte excretion at the same time, so patients and showed high blood sugar, dehydration, shortness of breath (the special cases acidosis), as well as lower blood pressure, will be a more serious sense of coma, and even life-threatening.
The occurrence of such unconscious patients, in vivo insulin secretion is usually a serious obstacle to the "insulin-dependent diabetes" patients more prone to. If this is not the law of the type of patients to accept insulin injections or physical encounter more serious cases, such as serious infectious diseases - pneumonia, cholecystitis, or acute gastrointestinal pyelitis go far.
Pressure hypertension hypertonic coma non-ketone body disease:
Such unconscious patients with the greatest differences in acid toxicosis is less severe diseases of diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, or even have never been a history of diabetes, older than the old man. Special cases the symptoms for polyuria, dehydration, shock, coma awareness, but no special changes in breathing, and blood sugar, sodium, osmolality, although high, but the blood is not much change in acid-base balance. Due to the lack of past history of diabetes, coupled with the older longer, it is often mistaken for the treatment of stroke and the time delay. The mortality rate as high as 40%, more prevention is better than cure.
Lactic acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of lactic acid toxicosis, there are primary persons of unknown origin, and due to dehydration, shock and contribute to the blood circulation obstacle, as the body without sufficient oxygen for normal metabolism, so that the metabolites of hypoxia - the continued significant increase in lactic acid made contact. Secondly, the lactic acid will also affect toxicosis in vivo acid-base balance, and even life-threatening. Fewer primary, and secondary common in patients with heart failure or sepsis. Potential cause of treatment to improve blood circulation, as the primary means of emergency disease.
Hypoglycemia, also known as insulin shock, insulin reaction, hypoglycemia shock, low blood sugar reactions. The majority occurred in the course of insulin therapy, diet and exercise as a result of the co-ordination caused by improper. Oral hypoglycemic drugs in the sulfonylurea agents, due to the promotion of insulin secretion or enhance the function of insulin, it is likely to lead to "hypoglycemia." A small number of obese patients in the early stages of the disease, due to inappropriate insulin secretion time may also have a so-called "reactive hypoglycemia" symptoms have often in the 3 ~ 5 hours after a meal between the occurrence of symptoms is usually in half an hour automatically dissipated. Drug-facilitated than hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia symptoms are usually lighter, and for patients there is no direct threat to life; Instead of drug-induced hypoglycemic hypoglycemia, it is related to patient safety, it is worth noting.
Micro hypoglycemia as:
The speed of onset of symptoms and insulin are related to the performance of agents. The role of medium-range or sulfonylurea insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents triggered by hypoglycemia, early symptoms may be less than the role of short-insulin so fierce, but not in time to be properly handled, could lead to the unconscious, or even death. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are divided into two phases. Early symptoms, due to the rapid drop in blood sugar and stimulate the adrenal secretion of a large number of adrenal glands, which produce sympathetic as hyperthyroidism, including cold sweat, shivering, goose bumps, rapid heartbeat, hunger, weakness, headache and so on. These symptoms can be warning signs to remind patients at risk must be real-time processing, or blood sugar will continue to decline (less than 50mg/100mg). Nutrition as a result of the brain depend on sugar to the blood supply, inadequate nutrition in the brain, the patient will happen dizziness, headache, anxiety, intoxication, and even the phenomenon of coma.
The treatment of hypoglycemia:
The purpose of the treatment of the patient's blood sugar to rise immediately to relieve the above symptoms. Mild hypoglycemia in response to the patient immediately to eat foods containing sugar, like sugar, candy, chocolate and so on. These are easily absorbed carbohydrate foods, common food immediately after the minutes to make blood glucose rise in response to the treatment of low blood sugar, at least to the patient to eat 20g ~ 25g of carbohydrate food. If there is no improvement within 15 minutes, you can eat once again the above-mentioned method, if still does not work, should be immediately taken to hospital treatment. The role of short-insulin injection, as the duration of only 6 to 8 hours, so repeat attacks of low blood glucose response may be less of an opportunity. And the role of medium-range to lower insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, will need to pay special attention to addition to the above-mentioned rapid absorption of carbohydrates food, needs to be coupled with a slower absorption of food such as milk, bread, biscuits and so on. If the patient has been unconscious, do not swallow any food to force the patient to avoid endotracheal wrong food, and the occurrence of cases of suffocation, first aid should be immediately taken to hospital. Usually high concentration of glucose injection liquid (10/100, 20/100, 50/100) of the intravenous injection, will enable the patients to wake up. After the cause should be reviewed, in order to improve and the doctors and the usual treatment dose of the drug consultations. If you can not on the first day or two made contact with the doctor the next day hypoglycemic drugs, in the case of insulin should be reduced by 1 / 4 of the dose, in the case of oral sulfonylurea decreased by 1 / 2 dose.
【Blurred vision 】
Control has been poor or no treatment of diabetes, if the appropriate amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin therapy, so that high blood sugar quickly and then improved when a short period of time, some patients have symptoms of blurred vision. Diabetics more prone to retinal hemorrhage, and the result of blurred vision. But, in fact, with rapid improvement in diabetes control and the occurrence of visual impairment is often general, and in a few days or weeks will be fully restored, it is indistinguishable from the retinal damage produced by a permanent obstacle to a completely different . This complication occurred because the patients had poorly controlled, as the body with the urine excretion of water to the in vitro, so the body including the eye, including insufficient water, and water is slowly generated inadequate, patients feel no particular . Once the control improved, the body including the eye, including the availability of water sufficient to add, so have a fast expansion of the eye, the patient could not adapt to, or arising from the phenomenon of blurred vision.
【Diabetic coma patients 】
The so-called diabetic coma disease, diabetes usually refers to the deviation of metabolism, and trigger a special type of consciousness, including diabetes acid toxicosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma pressure non-ketones and lactic acid toxicosis disorders. Frequency to the highest acid toxicosis.
Acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of acid toxicosis is the body concentration of the lack of adequate insulin, would not be able to make full use of sugars as a source of energy, so blood sugar giant convergence will increase from a large number of sugar by the urine, on adipose tissue begins to decompose, and generate a large number of free fatty acids transported to the liver. In the liver as a result of ketone body (including two kinds of organic acids and acetone neutral) manufacture Hypersplenism function, so a large number of acid produced, thus causing acid-base balance in vivo. Increase in urine sugar giant convergence will be joint and several water and electrolyte excretion at the same time, so patients and showed high blood sugar, dehydration, shortness of breath (the special cases acidosis), as well as lower blood pressure, will be a more serious sense of coma, and even life-threatening.
The occurrence of such unconscious patients, in vivo insulin secretion is usually a serious obstacle to the "insulin-dependent diabetes" patients more prone to. If this is not the law of the type of patients to accept insulin injections or physical encounter more serious cases, such as serious infectious diseases - pneumonia, cholecystitis, or acute gastrointestinal pyelitis go far.
Pressure hypertension hypertonic coma non-ketone body disease:
Such unconscious patients with the greatest differences in acid toxicosis is less severe diseases of diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, or even have never been a history of diabetes, older than the old man. Special cases the symptoms for polyuria, dehydration, shock, coma awareness, but no special changes in breathing, and blood sugar, sodium, osmolality, although high, but the blood is not much change in acid-base balance. Due to the lack of past history of diabetes, coupled with the older longer, it is often mistaken for the treatment of stroke and the time delay. The mortality rate as high as 40%, more prevention is better than cure.
Lactic acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of lactic acid toxicosis, there are primary persons of unknown origin, and due to dehydration, shock and contribute to the blood circulation obstacle, as the body without sufficient oxygen for normal metabolism, so that the metabolites of hypoxia - the continued significant increase in lactic acid made contact. Secondly, the lactic acid will also affect toxicosis in vivo acid-base balance, and even life-threatening. Fewer primary, and secondary common in patients with heart failure or sepsis. Potential cause of treatment to improve blood circulation, as the primary means of emergency disease.
Common complications of diabetes
Acute complications of diabetes are:
A variety of infections, diabetic ketoacidosis and coma, hypoglycemia and coma, lactic acidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. However, the hidden potential in patients with diabetes or a large number, can cause complications.
Chronic diabetic complications include:
1, cardiovascular disease
Indicators of long-term high blood sugar lead to vascular injury, which greatly increased coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke incidence.
2, eye lesions
Capillary lesions lead to diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, retinal bleeding and capillary hemangioma. Vitreous and retinal damage, eventually leading to blindness.
3, nervous system diseases
Indicator of blood sugar is too high the longer the number of damaged nervous system more. Primarily lower limb disease (Clinical called "diabetic foot")
4, kidney disease
An important protein the human body long-term "saccharification" will also lead to renal injury. Complicated by diabetic nephropathy.
In addition, osteoarthropathy diabetes, oral disease, fatty liver, diabetes, such as sexual impotence.
A variety of infections, diabetic ketoacidosis and coma, hypoglycemia and coma, lactic acidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. However, the hidden potential in patients with diabetes or a large number, can cause complications.
Chronic diabetic complications include:
1, cardiovascular disease
Indicators of long-term high blood sugar lead to vascular injury, which greatly increased coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke incidence.
2, eye lesions
Capillary lesions lead to diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, retinal bleeding and capillary hemangioma. Vitreous and retinal damage, eventually leading to blindness.
3, nervous system diseases
Indicator of blood sugar is too high the longer the number of damaged nervous system more. Primarily lower limb disease (Clinical called "diabetic foot")
4, kidney disease
An important protein the human body long-term "saccharification" will also lead to renal injury. Complicated by diabetic nephropathy.
In addition, osteoarthropathy diabetes, oral disease, fatty liver, diabetes, such as sexual impotence.
Awareness of diabetes and blood stasis
Diabetes has developed to a certain extent, particularly for chronic vascular complications, neuropathy, or long-term use of insulin injection therapy, and often accompanied by blood stasis.
Chinese medicine practitioners believe that diabetes primarily by qi deficiency and blood stasis, caused by deficiency.wo injured, stranded in Blood, has always been throughout the disease. "Shuai blood gas, blood gas mother for" inability to promote qi deficiency, blood circulation, slow Shibuya stagnation, blood stasis from the so-called "qi deficiency remain muddy." Huowang deficiency, suffering body fluid, Tianjin less fluid loss, blood viscosity is poor, so the formation of blood stasis, the so-called "deficiency of blood stagnation."
Dependency of human blood, blood gas lines, blood each root. Clinical findings of both Qi and Yin deficiency and blood stasis can be caused by air-block, body fluid loss in distribution, increase the emergence of diabetes and complications of the disease. Venae Stagnation (large and small blood vessels, nerve lesions), the latter is the main diabetes pathogenesis, if Xinmaitong Stagnation in the chest can cause pain; Stagnation into the brain network is stroke; Stagnation at the end of the limb tingling and numbness, and even from gangrene; Stagnation in the heads of networks may be looking to faint as vague, worse loss blind; Blood in urine kidney edema network is closed and so on.
Diabetes is equivalent to modern medicine blood stasis syndrome of diabetes and thrombosis, or abnormal blood rheology, increased whole blood viscosity, platelet and erythrocyte aggregation increased, resulting in thrombosis. Slow blood flow, blood stasis and the microcirculation, both diabetes and blood stasis that is the basis of its pathophysiology. Thrombosis diabetes has been considered to be one of the characteristics of diabetes.
The treatment of diabetes and blood stasis principle of "blood line", or "blood" is the evidence of the treatment of Dafa. Of course, blood must be dialectical, blood-related, can not be separated. Qi deficiency and blood stasis are Yiqihuoxue; Qi and promoting blood circulation is; while nourishing and activating-blood deficiency and blood stasis, with the certificate validity check is satisfied with the modifications.
All in all, in the treatment of diabetes and blood stasis, it is desirable that their governance Yiqi Yangyin; huoxuehuayu, Quyu Health and its new governance standard. The two are mutually complementary, were taken into account, to explore the treatment of various complications in a series of normative prescriptions, in order to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
Chinese medicine practitioners believe that diabetes primarily by qi deficiency and blood stasis, caused by deficiency.wo injured, stranded in Blood, has always been throughout the disease. "Shuai blood gas, blood gas mother for" inability to promote qi deficiency, blood circulation, slow Shibuya stagnation, blood stasis from the so-called "qi deficiency remain muddy." Huowang deficiency, suffering body fluid, Tianjin less fluid loss, blood viscosity is poor, so the formation of blood stasis, the so-called "deficiency of blood stagnation."
Dependency of human blood, blood gas lines, blood each root. Clinical findings of both Qi and Yin deficiency and blood stasis can be caused by air-block, body fluid loss in distribution, increase the emergence of diabetes and complications of the disease. Venae Stagnation (large and small blood vessels, nerve lesions), the latter is the main diabetes pathogenesis, if Xinmaitong Stagnation in the chest can cause pain; Stagnation into the brain network is stroke; Stagnation at the end of the limb tingling and numbness, and even from gangrene; Stagnation in the heads of networks may be looking to faint as vague, worse loss blind; Blood in urine kidney edema network is closed and so on.
Diabetes is equivalent to modern medicine blood stasis syndrome of diabetes and thrombosis, or abnormal blood rheology, increased whole blood viscosity, platelet and erythrocyte aggregation increased, resulting in thrombosis. Slow blood flow, blood stasis and the microcirculation, both diabetes and blood stasis that is the basis of its pathophysiology. Thrombosis diabetes has been considered to be one of the characteristics of diabetes.
The treatment of diabetes and blood stasis principle of "blood line", or "blood" is the evidence of the treatment of Dafa. Of course, blood must be dialectical, blood-related, can not be separated. Qi deficiency and blood stasis are Yiqihuoxue; Qi and promoting blood circulation is; while nourishing and activating-blood deficiency and blood stasis, with the certificate validity check is satisfied with the modifications.
All in all, in the treatment of diabetes and blood stasis, it is desirable that their governance Yiqi Yangyin; huoxuehuayu, Quyu Health and its new governance standard. The two are mutually complementary, were taken into account, to explore the treatment of various complications in a series of normative prescriptions, in order to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
2009/04/23
Patients with type 2 diabetes Jiangtang options
Type 2 diabetes is a multi-gene genetic factors and environmental factors of diseases, defects in insulin secretion of B cells and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance are two major factors in the performance of different patients vary, with a high degree of heterogeneity.
Condition assessment and the choice of a single medication
1. According to patients with high blood sugar caused by defects in the main choice of drug use: evaluation of patients with disorders of glucose metabolism is a major factor in insulin secretion defects in small B cells, or insulin resistance. If the former, sulfonylurea or choose category Nateglinide; If the latter can choose Thiazolidinediones; Postprandial Hyperglycemia alone also can be used α-glucosidase inhibitors; partial obesity and insulin released some suitable metformin; new cases are too high fasting blood glucose can be the beginning of intensive treatment with insulin.
2. If the fasting blood glucose> 14.0mmol / L insulin therapy of choice: for a quick lifting of the state of the toxicity of high blood sugar, it is recommended the application of insulin therapy, when the fasting blood glucose to 11.0mmol / L the following, and their recovery when insulin secretion (which can be measured determine C-peptide) of oral hypoglycemic agents may be changed.
3. According to the results of blood glucose determination to determine the efficacy and dosage adjustment: If the target fasting blood glucose in control, but have not reached the goal of glycosylated hemoglobin should be measured 1 to 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose control to make the 10.1mmol / L following. If the adjustment of the dose of oral hypoglycemic agents, should be based on fasting, postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin to determine, with a view to achieve maximum effect.
Combination of timing and evaluation of
1. New cases of the combination: newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes could be the beginning of single-drug treatment therapy can also be combined. Such as single-drug therapy, dose increases to about 80% of the maximum dose has yet to be achieved as soon as possible to the joint with 2 ~ 3 kinds of oral medication. If the result is not satisfactory, can be added before going to bed with a small dose of insulin. Such as B cells in patients with significantly reduced liver and kidney function or those treated only with insulin.
2. Combination of methods: such as insulin secretion promoting agent (sulfonylurea-type pass out Chennai) classified as a class, and other types of hypoglycemic drugs may be combined.
3. To evaluate the combination therapy consisting of
① sulfonylurea and metformin in conjunction with the application of this is the earliest and most commonly used method, low-cost, high plasma insulin is not increased, regardless of using metformin or sulfonylurea, the effect of the poor and those can be combined to make decline in blood glucose.
② non-sulfonylurea insulin secretion promoting agent and co-sensitizer can be played from the mechanism of their own strengths, the corresponding enhanced hypoglycemic effects, such as types of nateglinide control postprandial hyperglycemia, metformin will enable a further decline in fasting blood glucose.
③ α glucosidase inhibitor drugs in combination with other α glucosidase inhibitor mechanism different from those of other hypoglycemic drugs, does not promote insulin secretion and insulin resistance for non-directly, but by delaying the absorption of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial high blood sugar, all kinds of other drugs are on the complementary role of carbohydrates in diet as the main ingredient (such as the Chinese people) better results.
④ insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents used in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic agents yet to be achieved, the insulin can be added, such as the effect of bedtime insulin plus. Or insulin to replace a drug, such as to replace the sulfonylurea and metformin combined. Insulin and sulfonylureas can also be used in conjunction, such as sustained-release tablets at night with sulfonylurea or controlled-release tablets, the day before meals plus insulin or premixed insulin, can reduce the amount of insulin. Insulin can also Thiazolidinediones in conjunction with, but bearing in mind that both may have the adverse reactions
⑤ Metformin and Thiazolidinediones, although the two are combined with insulin sensitizers, but the role of different aspects of and mechanisms, in combination could enhance efficacy, reduce side effects.
In addition, when there are serious complications, such as ketoacidosis, diabetes, advanced renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy must be used. Diabetes ultimate cause of death was cardio-and cerebro-vascular complications of diabetes treatment is not only to control blood sugar, but will also take full control of cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, high blood viscosity and a state of chronic inflammation, such as, side can achieve good results.
Condition assessment and the choice of a single medication
1. According to patients with high blood sugar caused by defects in the main choice of drug use: evaluation of patients with disorders of glucose metabolism is a major factor in insulin secretion defects in small B cells, or insulin resistance. If the former, sulfonylurea or choose category Nateglinide; If the latter can choose Thiazolidinediones; Postprandial Hyperglycemia alone also can be used α-glucosidase inhibitors; partial obesity and insulin released some suitable metformin; new cases are too high fasting blood glucose can be the beginning of intensive treatment with insulin.
2. If the fasting blood glucose> 14.0mmol / L insulin therapy of choice: for a quick lifting of the state of the toxicity of high blood sugar, it is recommended the application of insulin therapy, when the fasting blood glucose to 11.0mmol / L the following, and their recovery when insulin secretion (which can be measured determine C-peptide) of oral hypoglycemic agents may be changed.
3. According to the results of blood glucose determination to determine the efficacy and dosage adjustment: If the target fasting blood glucose in control, but have not reached the goal of glycosylated hemoglobin should be measured 1 to 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose control to make the 10.1mmol / L following. If the adjustment of the dose of oral hypoglycemic agents, should be based on fasting, postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin to determine, with a view to achieve maximum effect.
Combination of timing and evaluation of
1. New cases of the combination: newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes could be the beginning of single-drug treatment therapy can also be combined. Such as single-drug therapy, dose increases to about 80% of the maximum dose has yet to be achieved as soon as possible to the joint with 2 ~ 3 kinds of oral medication. If the result is not satisfactory, can be added before going to bed with a small dose of insulin. Such as B cells in patients with significantly reduced liver and kidney function or those treated only with insulin.
2. Combination of methods: such as insulin secretion promoting agent (sulfonylurea-type pass out Chennai) classified as a class, and other types of hypoglycemic drugs may be combined.
3. To evaluate the combination therapy consisting of
① sulfonylurea and metformin in conjunction with the application of this is the earliest and most commonly used method, low-cost, high plasma insulin is not increased, regardless of using metformin or sulfonylurea, the effect of the poor and those can be combined to make decline in blood glucose.
② non-sulfonylurea insulin secretion promoting agent and co-sensitizer can be played from the mechanism of their own strengths, the corresponding enhanced hypoglycemic effects, such as types of nateglinide control postprandial hyperglycemia, metformin will enable a further decline in fasting blood glucose.
③ α glucosidase inhibitor drugs in combination with other α glucosidase inhibitor mechanism different from those of other hypoglycemic drugs, does not promote insulin secretion and insulin resistance for non-directly, but by delaying the absorption of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial high blood sugar, all kinds of other drugs are on the complementary role of carbohydrates in diet as the main ingredient (such as the Chinese people) better results.
④ insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents used in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic agents yet to be achieved, the insulin can be added, such as the effect of bedtime insulin plus. Or insulin to replace a drug, such as to replace the sulfonylurea and metformin combined. Insulin and sulfonylureas can also be used in conjunction, such as sustained-release tablets at night with sulfonylurea or controlled-release tablets, the day before meals plus insulin or premixed insulin, can reduce the amount of insulin. Insulin can also Thiazolidinediones in conjunction with, but bearing in mind that both may have the adverse reactions
⑤ Metformin and Thiazolidinediones, although the two are combined with insulin sensitizers, but the role of different aspects of and mechanisms, in combination could enhance efficacy, reduce side effects.
In addition, when there are serious complications, such as ketoacidosis, diabetes, advanced renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy must be used. Diabetes ultimate cause of death was cardio-and cerebro-vascular complications of diabetes treatment is not only to control blood sugar, but will also take full control of cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, high blood viscosity and a state of chronic inflammation, such as, side can achieve good results.
2009/04/22
Ladder diabetes drug law
Divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, the vast majority (90%) for type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is due to the absolute lack of insulin caused by insulin treatment or to choose to take, such as islet transplantation can produce insulin, the body treatment. And type 2 diabetes is different, it factors in initiating the pathogenesis of insulin resistance may be, with the progress of the course, eventually accompanied by lack of insulin, when these two factors has developed to a certain degree of dominance on the occurrence of diabetes, the disease gradually increase, eventually leading to failure of insulin.
In general, diabetes is divided into four stages of the course. Genetic susceptibility that period, period of impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes), diabetes period, advanced diabetes. The first two phases have not yet occurred as a result of diabetes, should take a preventive approach, including diet and exercise therapy and lifestyle changes. Period should be taken in diabetic diet, exercise, drugs, blood glucose monitoring and diabetes education in combination therapy, in which drug therapy should be de-escalation therapy safer and more effective, more convenient, more economical, can be the optimal treatment for diabetes treatment. The pathogenesis of diabetes therapy is the theoretical basis for the ladder, because with the progress of diabetes, insulin resistance and persistent increase of the functions so that decrease islet. Therefore, our response is as soon as possible on the one hand, the use of insulin sensitizers to reduce insulin resistance, on the other hand, to avoid the premature use of drugs to stimulate insulin secretion, islet function, as far as possible to protect and ensure the daily physiological demand for insulin. Its purpose is to control metabolic disorders, the prevention of complications. Specific programs are as follows: the first step in the use of specific or non-specific insulin sensitizer diabetes with diet, exercise therapy, such as access to the second program is invalid; the second step the use of insulin sensitizers with postprandial blood glucose regulators, such as Rogge and one child's cry or times acarbose or Novo Yan Lung, the third step is invalid and choose treatment options; the third step with insulin sensitizers increase postprandial blood glucose regulator, matched sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, invalid The fourth step to enter the treatment program; the fourth step, oral medication and insulin treatment, in accordance with the degree of insulin taken by the lack of insulin replacement therapy (day 1 or 2 times injection) or insulin replacement therapy (3 times a day to 4 times injection).
In general, diabetes is divided into four stages of the course. Genetic susceptibility that period, period of impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes), diabetes period, advanced diabetes. The first two phases have not yet occurred as a result of diabetes, should take a preventive approach, including diet and exercise therapy and lifestyle changes. Period should be taken in diabetic diet, exercise, drugs, blood glucose monitoring and diabetes education in combination therapy, in which drug therapy should be de-escalation therapy safer and more effective, more convenient, more economical, can be the optimal treatment for diabetes treatment. The pathogenesis of diabetes therapy is the theoretical basis for the ladder, because with the progress of diabetes, insulin resistance and persistent increase of the functions so that decrease islet. Therefore, our response is as soon as possible on the one hand, the use of insulin sensitizers to reduce insulin resistance, on the other hand, to avoid the premature use of drugs to stimulate insulin secretion, islet function, as far as possible to protect and ensure the daily physiological demand for insulin. Its purpose is to control metabolic disorders, the prevention of complications. Specific programs are as follows: the first step in the use of specific or non-specific insulin sensitizer diabetes with diet, exercise therapy, such as access to the second program is invalid; the second step the use of insulin sensitizers with postprandial blood glucose regulators, such as Rogge and one child's cry or times acarbose or Novo Yan Lung, the third step is invalid and choose treatment options; the third step with insulin sensitizers increase postprandial blood glucose regulator, matched sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, invalid The fourth step to enter the treatment program; the fourth step, oral medication and insulin treatment, in accordance with the degree of insulin taken by the lack of insulin replacement therapy (day 1 or 2 times injection) or insulin replacement therapy (3 times a day to 4 times injection).
Diabetic children on the proper use of insulin?
Normal fasting blood glucose is not more than 5.6 mmol / L, postprandial 2 hours and not more than 7.8 mmol / L, the body can maintain a constant blood sugar is mainly dependent on the function of islet β-cells. Normal islet β-cells continue to produce a small amount of insulin that is referred to as the basis of insulin secretion, islet β-cells when a meal will be a large number of insulin secretion so that glucose in the normal range to maintain a constant, and this is when insulin secretion meal. Therefore children with type 1 diabetes need to take into account the insulin therapy two aspects, that is the basis of insulin needs and high-dose fasting. In other words, do not need to eat based on supplementary insulin. High-dose fasting for a better understanding of everyone, but the basis of the need for insulin is often a lack of sufficient attention. In fact, a good day to control blood sugar, fasting blood glucose control is very important. And high fasting blood glucose at night may indicate that the basis of insufficient doses of insulin (which requires the exception of the dawn phenomenon), the application of our bedtime or a long-term effect of human insulin analogue of human insulin are for that purpose. Subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analogue 1 ~ 2 hours after the onset, drug absorption and stability, no obvious peak plasma, effect 24 hours a day to maintain a smooth and rarely cause low blood sugar reaction. Daily injection of only 1 well will be able to imitate a rational basis for the normal life of insulin secretion.
Everyone knows that healthy movement, diabetes in children (good blood sugar control) can also be loving according to their own participation in sports, even the large amount of exercise in children with diabetes is possible, has 3 times by the United States Olympic swimming gold medal Garry Hall I athletes suffering from type 1 diabetes, and this is the best proof.
Therefore, good control of disease in children with diabetes should choose the appropriate exercise, regular exercise can not only enrich their own lives, but also conducive to lowering blood glucose. To participate in the campaign to talk about the following considerations. First of all, before and after the campaign of their own blood glucose monitoring to understand the different physical effects of glucose on its own (probably because everyone is different), do a pretty good idea. Secondly, there is a timely exercise program will be replaced by abdominal subcutaneous injection of insulin in order to avoid absorption of excessive exercise, hypoglycemia easily. Or in the exercise easy to hypoglycemia after exercise in patients prior to appropriately reduce the amount of insulin (usually to reduce the original dose of 1 / 3 or so, people need to exercise according to each specific situation to adjust) and have 25 to 50 grams of food and candy (for much-needed). Moreover, children with diabetes to participate in sport should go hand in hand, do not separate activities; prepare the skin after exercise is also important to clean and care.
Storage of insulin: insulin is not used should be stored in refrigerator 2 ~ 8 ℃, in the validity period of the previous application. Open the can of insulin after 2 ~ 8 ℃ refrigerator storage, but not more than three months.
Premixed insulin as a result of short-, medium-efficiency ratio of fixed insulin, may not be suitable for children of each can be configured in accordance with their own specific circumstances. However, special attention should be paid to the method of extraction of insulin: short-acting insulin taken before (clear), and then collected in the efficiency of insulin (suspension form). Different manufacturers should not mixed application of insulin.
Commonly used injection site: the side arm; thigh before / outside of the abdomen and the buttocks outside the 1 / 4. These parts of the rotation should plan the use of daily injections of the body parts of the same, but each time the injection point should be two centimeters apart, in order to prevent proliferation of fatty degeneration and the impact of insulin play a role.
The best application of insulin-specific disposable syringes, a clear understanding of each 0.1 milliliters of the contents of insulin, the insulin used in special syringes, most of 0.1 milliliters containing 4 units of insulin, in order to ensure the accuracy of dose. Existing dedicated insulin injection pens, can be selected according to individual needs, so that insulin injections more convenient and accurate.
Everyone knows that healthy movement, diabetes in children (good blood sugar control) can also be loving according to their own participation in sports, even the large amount of exercise in children with diabetes is possible, has 3 times by the United States Olympic swimming gold medal Garry Hall I athletes suffering from type 1 diabetes, and this is the best proof.
Therefore, good control of disease in children with diabetes should choose the appropriate exercise, regular exercise can not only enrich their own lives, but also conducive to lowering blood glucose. To participate in the campaign to talk about the following considerations. First of all, before and after the campaign of their own blood glucose monitoring to understand the different physical effects of glucose on its own (probably because everyone is different), do a pretty good idea. Secondly, there is a timely exercise program will be replaced by abdominal subcutaneous injection of insulin in order to avoid absorption of excessive exercise, hypoglycemia easily. Or in the exercise easy to hypoglycemia after exercise in patients prior to appropriately reduce the amount of insulin (usually to reduce the original dose of 1 / 3 or so, people need to exercise according to each specific situation to adjust) and have 25 to 50 grams of food and candy (for much-needed). Moreover, children with diabetes to participate in sport should go hand in hand, do not separate activities; prepare the skin after exercise is also important to clean and care.
Storage of insulin: insulin is not used should be stored in refrigerator 2 ~ 8 ℃, in the validity period of the previous application. Open the can of insulin after 2 ~ 8 ℃ refrigerator storage, but not more than three months.
Premixed insulin as a result of short-, medium-efficiency ratio of fixed insulin, may not be suitable for children of each can be configured in accordance with their own specific circumstances. However, special attention should be paid to the method of extraction of insulin: short-acting insulin taken before (clear), and then collected in the efficiency of insulin (suspension form). Different manufacturers should not mixed application of insulin.
Commonly used injection site: the side arm; thigh before / outside of the abdomen and the buttocks outside the 1 / 4. These parts of the rotation should plan the use of daily injections of the body parts of the same, but each time the injection point should be two centimeters apart, in order to prevent proliferation of fatty degeneration and the impact of insulin play a role.
The best application of insulin-specific disposable syringes, a clear understanding of each 0.1 milliliters of the contents of insulin, the insulin used in special syringes, most of 0.1 milliliters containing 4 units of insulin, in order to ensure the accuracy of dose. Existing dedicated insulin injection pens, can be selected according to individual needs, so that insulin injections more convenient and accurate.
Diabetes, blindness high-risk 25-fold
The United States over a 50-year-old large-scale population statistics show that people diagnosed with diabetes, not only the existence of 10.3% with symptoms of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, the incidence of glaucoma is also significantly higher than non-diabetic population. Onset diabetic eye disease is often not obvious, but will continue to progress, causing serious damage and even blindness vision, blindness risk is 25 times normal, the current is the main reason Americans are blind.
United States 40% -50% of diabetic patients with retinopathy exist to varying degrees, leading to blindness, "the chief culprit." In addition, damage to diabetic macular edema is another reason for visual acuity.
Diabetic eye disease no obvious symptoms early, and the damage has already occurred and the damage is irreversible. The occurrence of diabetic eye disease and associated with blood glucose levels, blood pressure, blood lipids is also recognized factors. 2007 American Diabetes 67th annual meeting of the previous Korean studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes retinopathy and duration of the length of the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial blood glucose levels.
Facts have proved that the cost of early prevention is much lower than the cost of late treatment effects are also better. Studies have shown that timely treatment and close follow-up to proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with 95% reduction in risk of blindness. Therefore, doctors advised the United States in patients with type 1 diabetes incidence after 5 years, patients with type 2 diabetes from the time of diagnosis, the fundus examinationat least once, there should be more frequent eye. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids, delaying the appearance of various complications
United States 40% -50% of diabetic patients with retinopathy exist to varying degrees, leading to blindness, "the chief culprit." In addition, damage to diabetic macular edema is another reason for visual acuity.
Diabetic eye disease no obvious symptoms early, and the damage has already occurred and the damage is irreversible. The occurrence of diabetic eye disease and associated with blood glucose levels, blood pressure, blood lipids is also recognized factors. 2007 American Diabetes 67th annual meeting of the previous Korean studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes retinopathy and duration of the length of the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial blood glucose levels.
Facts have proved that the cost of early prevention is much lower than the cost of late treatment effects are also better. Studies have shown that timely treatment and close follow-up to proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with 95% reduction in risk of blindness. Therefore, doctors advised the United States in patients with type 1 diabetes incidence after 5 years, patients with type 2 diabetes from the time of diagnosis, the fundus examinationat least once, there should be more frequent eye. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids, delaying the appearance of various complications
2009/04/21
Breast-feeding is best to use insulin controlled sugar
Breast-feeding mothers in the oral hypoglycemic agents should take extra care, especially the use of sulfonylurea drugs is likely to lead to pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia baby, easy to hypoglycemia. Even insulin therapy for diabetes (how to treat diabetes) patients, and did not affect the normal breast-feeding, because the larger molecules of insulin, even if the infant breast milk consumption with insulin would be destroyed in the digestive tract, can not easily be absorbed, does not affect the milk quality.
However, in the use of insulin to control blood sugar, it is best to choose the regular human insulin, and not to use animal insulin or insulin analogues.
Note that the mother breast-feeding oral hypoglycemic agents should take extra care, especially the use of sulfonylurea drugs is likely to lead to pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia baby, easy to hypoglycemia.
In addition, the sulfonylurea drugs can also affect the baby's development. Is therefore recommended that mothers breast-feeding is best to use insulin instead of oral hypoglycemic agents to control blood sugar. In addition, in order to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia, the mother may be from time to time, quantitative consumption of carbohydrates, and eat a little snack before breast-feeding.
However, in the use of insulin to control blood sugar, it is best to choose the regular human insulin, and not to use animal insulin or insulin analogues.
Note that the mother breast-feeding oral hypoglycemic agents should take extra care, especially the use of sulfonylurea drugs is likely to lead to pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia baby, easy to hypoglycemia.
In addition, the sulfonylurea drugs can also affect the baby's development. Is therefore recommended that mothers breast-feeding is best to use insulin instead of oral hypoglycemic agents to control blood sugar. In addition, in order to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia, the mother may be from time to time, quantitative consumption of carbohydrates, and eat a little snack before breast-feeding.
Misunderstandings of diabetes and correct treatment
Diabetes is a result of sugar in the urine of patients with higher than normal and the name, date of diagnosis of diabetes is to test blood sugar and urine sugar based indicators. Blood glucose is commonly used indicators, divided into three degrees. Ⅰ degree of fasting blood glucose 7.5 ~ 8.5mmol / L. Ⅱ degree of fasting blood glucose 8.6 ~ 12.5mmol / L. Ⅲ degree of fasting plasma glucose> 12.5mmol / L. Ⅰ degree after more than middle-aged disease, symptoms of mild or absent, no complications. Ⅱ degrees incidence at any age can have a little more than three symptoms may be associated with complications. Ⅲ a lesser degree age at onset or increase the incidence of many years later, a variety of complications can occur.
Above is a general awareness of the symptoms of diabetes. As for the causes of diabetes, in the past that is the absolute lack of insulin or relative lack of sugar now that there are reasons for the decline in tolerance, but has not yet accepted the final answer. To be sure, however, the so-called absolute lack of insulin or relative lack of just a physical phenomenon, not a cause, because some patients with insulin at an early stage not only low, but the phenomenon has increased. Diabetes means that the significance of the anatomical and biological reasons remains a mystery. Traditional Chinese medicine is not the name of diabetes, but awareness of its symptoms have been more than two thousand years, "Huang Di Nei Jing" is the symptoms of diabetes symptoms of diabetes, and more, in the next three causes of their extinction. History of consumer understanding of the three was not so consistent, I agree with cardiopulmonary comparison is mainly due to the extinction, mainly due to the spleen and stomach is the extinction, mainly due to liver and kidney is the next consumer. Because of heart and lung, spleen, liver and kidney dysfunction in endocrine disorders is the root cause, this is modern medicine and endocrine disorders in the same doctrine is common in Western medicine. In fact, through the control of diabetes diabetes diet and conditioning of organs meridians can effectively control and cure of diabetes.
Almost all pharmacies to sell drugs Jiangtang are popular form of propaganda "for life不愈diabetes," the idea, right? I think that is wrong, because not only the literature of Chinese medicine to cure diabetes in the records, my own personal experience there. Bitter gourd is one of the world recognized diabetic medicine and health food, the modern study found that in the bitter gourd and bitter gourd Wilfordii polypeptide with significant hypoglycemic effect, there are plants called insulin. The late nineties we have leadership at the provincial Science and Technology Commission, with support from engaged in the development and utilization of bitter gourd, I make use of the South on the north, the going out, please come in a variety of ways, such as extensive advice on hospitals, research institutes, experts and professors of the University, as well as manufacturer, and do so from the bitter gourd cultivation experiments to large-scale processing. Our staff in the county will be a bitter gourd juice mu time saved for more than a month, a day to discuss diabetes bitter gourd juice drink 200 milliliters, then the patient tells us that her illness was cured bitter gourd juice . While this can not be said that in the case of bitter gourd can cure diabetes, but could explain that some can be cured of diabetes is not an incurable disease.
Added to insulin in diabetic patients is an effective method, but it is not the best solution is to have no other option. Excessive use of insulin, produce extremely low blood sugar, hypoglycemia in elderly patients are particularly sensitive or vulnerable to heart attack caused by cerebrovascular accident, with special attention to.
I believe that the best way to treat diabetes is based on the organs of governance, to identify major impact on glucose tolerance to reduce the dialectical treatment of internal organs, according to the actual situation in the use of external governance (such as acupuncture, Gua Sha, Massage, Ear paste, etc.) and within the governance (such as him for the medical expenses, medicine, qigong, etc.) with the treatment, with science and good eating habits, is can effectively control and cure of diabetes mellitus. For patients and their families, and as I have in the "half-hearted blood pressure," the article said, as long as with the determination, confidence and perseverance in these three hearts, with the right awareness and tenacious will of the two is intended, together with the doctors to diagnose and correct a serious aggressive treatment, diabetes can be overcome.
As for the issue of genetic diabetes, and hypertension, the date did not identify the genes identified is still a matter for the statistical significance, but these statistics ignore the many factors, so patients and their families is best not to believe. Because diabetes and high blood pressure and emotion of these patients is very close relations, mental and emotional strength of its great influence; and should not be overlooked psychological psychology suggest that the problem. Adaptive capacity is a huge system of very strong psychological impact on the system implies a very serious, nothing to be afraid of people saying what many times concerned with the psychological hint. It is proposed that patients with diabetes and their families, emphasis on the correct way of life, importance of science to prevent, not to believe the genetic diabetes.
Above is a general awareness of the symptoms of diabetes. As for the causes of diabetes, in the past that is the absolute lack of insulin or relative lack of sugar now that there are reasons for the decline in tolerance, but has not yet accepted the final answer. To be sure, however, the so-called absolute lack of insulin or relative lack of just a physical phenomenon, not a cause, because some patients with insulin at an early stage not only low, but the phenomenon has increased. Diabetes means that the significance of the anatomical and biological reasons remains a mystery. Traditional Chinese medicine is not the name of diabetes, but awareness of its symptoms have been more than two thousand years, "Huang Di Nei Jing" is the symptoms of diabetes symptoms of diabetes, and more, in the next three causes of their extinction. History of consumer understanding of the three was not so consistent, I agree with cardiopulmonary comparison is mainly due to the extinction, mainly due to the spleen and stomach is the extinction, mainly due to liver and kidney is the next consumer. Because of heart and lung, spleen, liver and kidney dysfunction in endocrine disorders is the root cause, this is modern medicine and endocrine disorders in the same doctrine is common in Western medicine. In fact, through the control of diabetes diabetes diet and conditioning of organs meridians can effectively control and cure of diabetes.
Almost all pharmacies to sell drugs Jiangtang are popular form of propaganda "for life不愈diabetes," the idea, right? I think that is wrong, because not only the literature of Chinese medicine to cure diabetes in the records, my own personal experience there. Bitter gourd is one of the world recognized diabetic medicine and health food, the modern study found that in the bitter gourd and bitter gourd Wilfordii polypeptide with significant hypoglycemic effect, there are plants called insulin. The late nineties we have leadership at the provincial Science and Technology Commission, with support from engaged in the development and utilization of bitter gourd, I make use of the South on the north, the going out, please come in a variety of ways, such as extensive advice on hospitals, research institutes, experts and professors of the University, as well as manufacturer, and do so from the bitter gourd cultivation experiments to large-scale processing. Our staff in the county will be a bitter gourd juice mu time saved for more than a month, a day to discuss diabetes bitter gourd juice drink 200 milliliters, then the patient tells us that her illness was cured bitter gourd juice . While this can not be said that in the case of bitter gourd can cure diabetes, but could explain that some can be cured of diabetes is not an incurable disease.
Added to insulin in diabetic patients is an effective method, but it is not the best solution is to have no other option. Excessive use of insulin, produce extremely low blood sugar, hypoglycemia in elderly patients are particularly sensitive or vulnerable to heart attack caused by cerebrovascular accident, with special attention to.
I believe that the best way to treat diabetes is based on the organs of governance, to identify major impact on glucose tolerance to reduce the dialectical treatment of internal organs, according to the actual situation in the use of external governance (such as acupuncture, Gua Sha, Massage, Ear paste, etc.) and within the governance (such as him for the medical expenses, medicine, qigong, etc.) with the treatment, with science and good eating habits, is can effectively control and cure of diabetes mellitus. For patients and their families, and as I have in the "half-hearted blood pressure," the article said, as long as with the determination, confidence and perseverance in these three hearts, with the right awareness and tenacious will of the two is intended, together with the doctors to diagnose and correct a serious aggressive treatment, diabetes can be overcome.
As for the issue of genetic diabetes, and hypertension, the date did not identify the genes identified is still a matter for the statistical significance, but these statistics ignore the many factors, so patients and their families is best not to believe. Because diabetes and high blood pressure and emotion of these patients is very close relations, mental and emotional strength of its great influence; and should not be overlooked psychological psychology suggest that the problem. Adaptive capacity is a huge system of very strong psychological impact on the system implies a very serious, nothing to be afraid of people saying what many times concerned with the psychological hint. It is proposed that patients with diabetes and their families, emphasis on the correct way of life, importance of science to prevent, not to believe the genetic diabetes.
Injection of insulin in diabetic patients will be fat?
Most of the injection of insulin is the treatment of diabetes to maintain one of the ways.
Part of diabetic patients in the injection of insulin after a certain period of time, it will result in the phenomenon of body fat weight, so that some patients with diabetes, said: "Beating the insulin it does not gain weight." After the play seems to have become obese insulin is inevitable.
In fact, this is a wrong understanding. Certainly as a result of obesity or eating more than consumption caused less insulin in the role here is only to make the best use of nutrients in it.
After playing in order to avoid weight gain insulin, diabetic patients should have the following principles:
1. Obese patients with diabetes do not actively use the insulin therapy, often have to use large doses and the occurrence of poor efficacy;
2. If we accept the insulin-treated diabetic patients gained weight, we should re-examine the indications for insulin therapy, there is no need for those who do not have available, can be used with no more than less;
3. Plus double guanidine drugs, in order to reduce the appetite, reduce the dosage of insulin.
4. Strictly control the diet, increasing physical activity, when the most important means to avoid weight gain;
Part of diabetic patients in the injection of insulin after a certain period of time, it will result in the phenomenon of body fat weight, so that some patients with diabetes, said: "Beating the insulin it does not gain weight." After the play seems to have become obese insulin is inevitable.
In fact, this is a wrong understanding. Certainly as a result of obesity or eating more than consumption caused less insulin in the role here is only to make the best use of nutrients in it.
After playing in order to avoid weight gain insulin, diabetic patients should have the following principles:
1. Obese patients with diabetes do not actively use the insulin therapy, often have to use large doses and the occurrence of poor efficacy;
2. If we accept the insulin-treated diabetic patients gained weight, we should re-examine the indications for insulin therapy, there is no need for those who do not have available, can be used with no more than less;
3. Plus double guanidine drugs, in order to reduce the appetite, reduce the dosage of insulin.
4. Strictly control the diet, increasing physical activity, when the most important means to avoid weight gain;
2009/04/20
Sugar is enemy of diabetes?
Most people mistakenly believe that sugar diabetes can not be a fact, to some extent diabetes with sugar there are many, not all sugar in diabetic patients are fasting.
According to the molecular structure of sugar will generally be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Such as monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, etc.) content in fruits rich in sweetness, and the absorption speed, water quickly after entering the blood. Disaccharides (eg sucrose, maltose, lactose) eat into the blood very soon after. Multi-starch polysaccharides in the form of food, as well as a form of dietary fiber. The slow process of digestion and absorption of polysaccharides, is conducive to maintaining a stable blood sugar. Therefore, patients with diabetes should eat a variety of polysaccharides and to avoid eating sweets and sugary snacks and small food, cold drinks, fruit juices, poorly controlled diabetes should also avoid eating fruit.
The human body is composed of many organs and tissues to form a continuum. Each part of the human body to play their respective functions and interrelated and mutually constraining, the body is able to in the various aspects of the environment of stability and balance. Once a balance has been destroyed, people will fall ill.
Sugar is an essential component of the composition of the human body, though only 2% of the body weight, but eating food is the amount of sugar and fat and more protein than. Therefore, the main sugar for the body to substances that, under normal physiological conditions, about 70% of the energy provided by sugar.
Were absorbed into the body through food is the sugar glucose, a small amount of fructose and galactose are absorbed in the liver is also almost entirely into glucose. Therefore, the body's metabolism of sugar, in fact, is centered on glucose metabolism. Contained in the blood sugar is glucose, or blood sugar. Normal morning fasting, the blood glucose concentration 3.9mmol/L-6.1mmol/L, blood glucose concentrations in the day is mild fluctuations, in general, slightly lower fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose is slightly higher, but types of fluctuations is to keep within a certain range, that is, in a dynamic equilibrium of.
Sugar makes you fat. That is because the sugar used in addition to the daily energy expenditure, the excess part of the original on the one hand, glycogen synthesis, muscle glycogen, for temporary use; on the other hand, converted into fat or other substances decomposition - such as synthetic amino acids, and Under normal circumstances, the amount of fat into a much larger than other forms. If the daily energy intake over consumption of food, even if only carbohydrate, weight will continue to increase.
In general, obese diabetes easier, and its higher than normal incidence of nearly 1 percent. And these patients are mostly non-insulin-dependent diabetes, most of them returned to normal as long as the body weight, diabetes is the situation eased. Therefore, the emergence of obesity as soon as abnormal blood sugar level, it should check for diabetes as soon as possible.
Therefore, patients with diabetes may be appropriate to eat some food polysaccharides, as far as possible to avoid the adverse conditions of single-and dual-sugar sugar fruits, such as dim sum.
According to the molecular structure of sugar will generally be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Such as monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, etc.) content in fruits rich in sweetness, and the absorption speed, water quickly after entering the blood. Disaccharides (eg sucrose, maltose, lactose) eat into the blood very soon after. Multi-starch polysaccharides in the form of food, as well as a form of dietary fiber. The slow process of digestion and absorption of polysaccharides, is conducive to maintaining a stable blood sugar. Therefore, patients with diabetes should eat a variety of polysaccharides and to avoid eating sweets and sugary snacks and small food, cold drinks, fruit juices, poorly controlled diabetes should also avoid eating fruit.
The human body is composed of many organs and tissues to form a continuum. Each part of the human body to play their respective functions and interrelated and mutually constraining, the body is able to in the various aspects of the environment of stability and balance. Once a balance has been destroyed, people will fall ill.
Sugar is an essential component of the composition of the human body, though only 2% of the body weight, but eating food is the amount of sugar and fat and more protein than. Therefore, the main sugar for the body to substances that, under normal physiological conditions, about 70% of the energy provided by sugar.
Were absorbed into the body through food is the sugar glucose, a small amount of fructose and galactose are absorbed in the liver is also almost entirely into glucose. Therefore, the body's metabolism of sugar, in fact, is centered on glucose metabolism. Contained in the blood sugar is glucose, or blood sugar. Normal morning fasting, the blood glucose concentration 3.9mmol/L-6.1mmol/L, blood glucose concentrations in the day is mild fluctuations, in general, slightly lower fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose is slightly higher, but types of fluctuations is to keep within a certain range, that is, in a dynamic equilibrium of.
Sugar makes you fat. That is because the sugar used in addition to the daily energy expenditure, the excess part of the original on the one hand, glycogen synthesis, muscle glycogen, for temporary use; on the other hand, converted into fat or other substances decomposition - such as synthetic amino acids, and Under normal circumstances, the amount of fat into a much larger than other forms. If the daily energy intake over consumption of food, even if only carbohydrate, weight will continue to increase.
In general, obese diabetes easier, and its higher than normal incidence of nearly 1 percent. And these patients are mostly non-insulin-dependent diabetes, most of them returned to normal as long as the body weight, diabetes is the situation eased. Therefore, the emergence of obesity as soon as abnormal blood sugar level, it should check for diabetes as soon as possible.
Therefore, patients with diabetes may be appropriate to eat some food polysaccharides, as far as possible to avoid the adverse conditions of single-and dual-sugar sugar fruits, such as dim sum.
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