【Hypoglycemia 】
Hypoglycemia, also known as insulin shock, insulin reaction, hypoglycemia shock, low blood sugar reactions. The majority occurred in the course of insulin therapy, diet and exercise as a result of the co-ordination caused by improper. Oral hypoglycemic drugs in the sulfonylurea agents, due to the promotion of insulin secretion or enhance the function of insulin, it is likely to lead to "hypoglycemia." A small number of obese patients in the early stages of the disease, due to inappropriate insulin secretion time may also have a so-called "reactive hypoglycemia" symptoms have often in the 3 ~ 5 hours after a meal between the occurrence of symptoms is usually in half an hour automatically dissipated. Drug-facilitated than hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia symptoms are usually lighter, and for patients there is no direct threat to life; Instead of drug-induced hypoglycemic hypoglycemia, it is related to patient safety, it is worth noting.
Micro hypoglycemia as:
The speed of onset of symptoms and insulin are related to the performance of agents. The role of medium-range or sulfonylurea insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents triggered by hypoglycemia, early symptoms may be less than the role of short-insulin so fierce, but not in time to be properly handled, could lead to the unconscious, or even death. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are divided into two phases. Early symptoms, due to the rapid drop in blood sugar and stimulate the adrenal secretion of a large number of adrenal glands, which produce sympathetic as hyperthyroidism, including cold sweat, shivering, goose bumps, rapid heartbeat, hunger, weakness, headache and so on. These symptoms can be warning signs to remind patients at risk must be real-time processing, or blood sugar will continue to decline (less than 50mg/100mg). Nutrition as a result of the brain depend on sugar to the blood supply, inadequate nutrition in the brain, the patient will happen dizziness, headache, anxiety, intoxication, and even the phenomenon of coma.
The treatment of hypoglycemia:
The purpose of the treatment of the patient's blood sugar to rise immediately to relieve the above symptoms. Mild hypoglycemia in response to the patient immediately to eat foods containing sugar, like sugar, candy, chocolate and so on. These are easily absorbed carbohydrate foods, common food immediately after the minutes to make blood glucose rise in response to the treatment of low blood sugar, at least to the patient to eat 20g ~ 25g of carbohydrate food. If there is no improvement within 15 minutes, you can eat once again the above-mentioned method, if still does not work, should be immediately taken to hospital treatment. The role of short-insulin injection, as the duration of only 6 to 8 hours, so repeat attacks of low blood glucose response may be less of an opportunity. And the role of medium-range to lower insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, will need to pay special attention to addition to the above-mentioned rapid absorption of carbohydrates food, needs to be coupled with a slower absorption of food such as milk, bread, biscuits and so on. If the patient has been unconscious, do not swallow any food to force the patient to avoid endotracheal wrong food, and the occurrence of cases of suffocation, first aid should be immediately taken to hospital. Usually high concentration of glucose injection liquid (10/100, 20/100, 50/100) of the intravenous injection, will enable the patients to wake up. After the cause should be reviewed, in order to improve and the doctors and the usual treatment dose of the drug consultations. If you can not on the first day or two made contact with the doctor the next day hypoglycemic drugs, in the case of insulin should be reduced by 1 / 4 of the dose, in the case of oral sulfonylurea decreased by 1 / 2 dose.
【Blurred vision 】
Control has been poor or no treatment of diabetes, if the appropriate amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin therapy, so that high blood sugar quickly and then improved when a short period of time, some patients have symptoms of blurred vision. Diabetics more prone to retinal hemorrhage, and the result of blurred vision. But, in fact, with rapid improvement in diabetes control and the occurrence of visual impairment is often general, and in a few days or weeks will be fully restored, it is indistinguishable from the retinal damage produced by a permanent obstacle to a completely different . This complication occurred because the patients had poorly controlled, as the body with the urine excretion of water to the in vitro, so the body including the eye, including insufficient water, and water is slowly generated inadequate, patients feel no particular . Once the control improved, the body including the eye, including the availability of water sufficient to add, so have a fast expansion of the eye, the patient could not adapt to, or arising from the phenomenon of blurred vision.
【Diabetic coma patients 】
The so-called diabetic coma disease, diabetes usually refers to the deviation of metabolism, and trigger a special type of consciousness, including diabetes acid toxicosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma pressure non-ketones and lactic acid toxicosis disorders. Frequency to the highest acid toxicosis.
Acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of acid toxicosis is the body concentration of the lack of adequate insulin, would not be able to make full use of sugars as a source of energy, so blood sugar giant convergence will increase from a large number of sugar by the urine, on adipose tissue begins to decompose, and generate a large number of free fatty acids transported to the liver. In the liver as a result of ketone body (including two kinds of organic acids and acetone neutral) manufacture Hypersplenism function, so a large number of acid produced, thus causing acid-base balance in vivo. Increase in urine sugar giant convergence will be joint and several water and electrolyte excretion at the same time, so patients and showed high blood sugar, dehydration, shortness of breath (the special cases acidosis), as well as lower blood pressure, will be a more serious sense of coma, and even life-threatening.
The occurrence of such unconscious patients, in vivo insulin secretion is usually a serious obstacle to the "insulin-dependent diabetes" patients more prone to. If this is not the law of the type of patients to accept insulin injections or physical encounter more serious cases, such as serious infectious diseases - pneumonia, cholecystitis, or acute gastrointestinal pyelitis go far.
Pressure hypertension hypertonic coma non-ketone body disease:
Such unconscious patients with the greatest differences in acid toxicosis is less severe diseases of diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, or even have never been a history of diabetes, older than the old man. Special cases the symptoms for polyuria, dehydration, shock, coma awareness, but no special changes in breathing, and blood sugar, sodium, osmolality, although high, but the blood is not much change in acid-base balance. Due to the lack of past history of diabetes, coupled with the older longer, it is often mistaken for the treatment of stroke and the time delay. The mortality rate as high as 40%, more prevention is better than cure.
Lactic acid toxicosis:
The occurrence of lactic acid toxicosis, there are primary persons of unknown origin, and due to dehydration, shock and contribute to the blood circulation obstacle, as the body without sufficient oxygen for normal metabolism, so that the metabolites of hypoxia - the continued significant increase in lactic acid made contact. Secondly, the lactic acid will also affect toxicosis in vivo acid-base balance, and even life-threatening. Fewer primary, and secondary common in patients with heart failure or sepsis. Potential cause of treatment to improve blood circulation, as the primary means of emergency disease.
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